Arsenic concentration variability, health risk assessment, and source identification using multivariate analysis in selected villages of public water system, Lahore, Pakistan.

摘要: This paper reports high levels and variability in arsenic (As) at locations identified as one of the highest As-contaminated Pakistan. Groundwater pollution related to has been reported since many years areas lying outskirts District Lahore, A comparative study is done determine temporal variations As from three villages, i.e., Kalalanwala (KLW), Manga Mandi (MM), Shamki Bhattian (SKB). Seventy-three percent 30 investigated samples ranging depth 20 200 m, show an increasing trend concentration over a time span 4 years 87 % exceeded WHO standard 10 μg/L for while 77 % have >50 μg/L (national standard). Further results indicate that accompanied with increase pH (r = 0.8) favoring desorption minerals higher under oxidizing conditions. For health risk assessment arsenic, average daily dose, hazard quotient (HQ), cancer were calculated. The residents studied had toxic index order SKB>KLW>MM, exceeding typical 1.00 (ranging 2.3–48.6) which was 83 % 0.3–41) before. present therefore concentrations are area, needs immediate attention provide alternate sources water save people risk.