Parenchymal Neuro-Glio-Genesis Versus Germinal Layer-Derived Neurogenesis: Two Faces of Central Nervous SystemStructural Plasticity

摘要: The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) at the beginning nineties led many people to consider definitively broken dogma a static central nervous system (CNS) made up non-renewable elements [1-3]. In parallel, occurrence and characterization adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb hippocampus [3-5] triggered new hopes for brain repair. Twenty years after, dream regenerative medicine applied brain/spinal cord injuries neurodegenerative diseases is still very far [6,7]. As matter fact, mammals occurs mainly within two restricted areas known as ‘neurogenic sites’ [3,8]: forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ); reviewed [9] hippocampal dentate gyrus (subgranular zone, SGZ); [10]. direct consequence such topographical localization, most CNS parenchyma out ‘classic’ neurogenic sites remains substantially tissue. Actually, traumatic/vascular do occur ‘non-neurogenic’ regions no efficacious therapies capable restoring structure functions through cell replacement are present available. Thus, decades after NSCs reaching satisfactory sites, gap between stem/ progenitor their effective capability serve Several aspects converge explaining this [11], partially accounting heterogeneity structural plasticity (summarized Table 1)