A Global Genomic Characterization of Nairoviruses Identifies Nine Discrete Genogroups with Distinctive Structural Characteristics and Host-Vector Associations

摘要: Nairoviruses are primarily tick-borne bunyaviruses, some of which known to cause mild-to-severe febrile illness in humans or livestock. We describe the genome sequences 11 poorly characterized nairoviruses that have ecological associations with either birds (Farallon, Punta Salinas, Sapphire II, Zirqa, Avalon, Clo Mor, Taggert, and Abu Hammad viruses), rodents (Qalyub Bandia camels (Dera Ghazi Khan virus). Global phylogenetic analyses proteins encoded L, M, S RNA segments these 20 other available nairovirus genomes identified nine well-supported genogroups (Nairobi sheep disease, Thiafora, Sakhalin, Keterah, Qalyub, Kasokero, Dera Khan, Hughes, Tamdy). Genogroup-specific structural variations were evident, particularly M segment encoding a polyprotein from virion envelope glycoproteins (Gn Gc) generated by proteolytic processing. Structural include extension, abbreviation, absence an O-glycosylated mucin-like protein N-terminal domain, distinctive patterns conserved cysteine residues GP38-like insertion double-membrane-spanning (NSm) between Gn Gc domains, presence alternative long open reading frame viroporin-like transmembrane (Gx). also observed strong genogroup-specific categories hosts tick vectors.