Environmental risk assessment of psychoactive drugs in the aquatic environment
作者： Deivisson L Cunha , Maíra P Mendes , Marcia Marques , None
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-018-3556-Z
关键词: Alprazolam 、 Environmental health 、 Ecotoxicology 、 Risk assessment 、 Bromazepam 、 Ecotoxicity 、 Psychoactive drug 、 Medicine 、 Oxazepam 、 Literature survey
摘要: The consumption of psychoactive pharmaceuticals has increased worldwide, and wastewater treatment plants are not able to eliminate them from the effluent. An extensive review was carried out assess environmental risk (ERA model) based on secondary data about potential impacts non-target organisms seven drugs consumed worldwide (alprazolam, bromazepam, citalopram, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam). Risk quotients (RQs) were calculated according European Medicines Agency (EMA) ERA Medicinal Products For Human Use (i) predicted measured concentrations (PEC MEC, respectively) drug in surface water, groundwater, effluent (ii) no-effect concentration (PNEC) derived ecotoxicological assays or ECOSAR software. Furthermore, this study reviews discusses non-standardized ecotoxicity assays, such as sublethal behavioral effects different organisms. In total, 903 MEC entries 162 gathered literature survey addressing (115), acute/chronic (35), (12). Citalopram diazepam only substances that likely pose an (RQ > 1) waters. Even though there is considerable amount aquatic species, results currently integrated into EMA assessment framework. large collected, interpreted, discussed present should be used a baseline for future improvement strategies.
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