A Channel Model for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks Using Lateral Waves

摘要: Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) are an emerging type of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where nodes located under the ground and communicate through soil. The major challenge in development efficient communication protocols for WUSNs is characterization underground channel. So far, none existing models fully capture all components electromagnetic signal propagation soil medium. In this paper, three that influence identified: direct, reflected, lateral waves, latter has not been analyzed so far. Accordingly, a closed- form three-wave (3W) channel model developed based on EM principles signals 3W shown to agree well with both testbed experiments analysis Maxwell's equations, which cannot be represented closed-form.