Exposure to a widespread non-pathogenic bacterium magnifies sublethal pesticide effects in the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum: from the suborganismal level to fitness-related traits.

摘要: While there is increasing concern that pesticide stress can interact with imposed by antagonistic species including pathogens, it unknown whether this also holds for non-pathogenic bacteria. We exposed Enallagma cyathigerum damselfly larvae to the chlorpyrifos and a Escherichia coli strain. Both exposure E. coli reduced growth rate fat storage, probably due observed energetically costly increases in physiological defence (glutathione-S-transferase Hsp70) and, E. coli, immune (phenoloxidase). Moreover, these stressors interacted both fitness-related traits. Most importantly, another trait, bacterial load, increased drastically concentration. A possible explanation upregulation of phenoloxidase presence changed into downregulation when combined chlorpyrifos. argue interactive, partly synergistic effects between pesticides widespread bacteria may be common deserves further attention improve ecological risk assessment pesticides.