Winter behavior of bats and the progression of white-nose syndrome in the southeastern United States.

摘要: Understanding the winter behavior of bats in temperate North America can provide insight into how react to perturbations caused by natural disturbances such as weather, human-induced disturbances, or introduction disease. This study measured activity patterns outside their hibernaculum and asked this varied time, temperature, bat species, body condition, WNS status. Over course three winters (2011-2013), we collected acoustic data captured five hibernacula Tennessee, United States. During Pseudogymnoascus destructans, causative agent white-nose syndrome, became established throughout region, allowing us track disease-related changes ten species. We determined that southeastern States were active during regardless recorded at temperatures low -13°C. Although was best a combination variables, strongest factor mean daily temperature (R2 = .2879, F1,1450 = 586.2, p < .0001). Bats left earlier evening had lower condition than those 2-4 hr after sunset (F7,932 = 7.225, p < .0001, Tukey HSD, p < .05). The number daytime emergences from hibernacula, via detection, increased longer site P. destructans positive (F3,17 808 = 124.48, Through use passive monitoring monthly captures, driven both ambient presence P. destructans.