Chlamydial seasonal dynamics and isolation of 'Candidatus Neptunochlamydia vexilliferae' from a Tyrrhenian coastal lake.

摘要: The Chlamydiae are a phylum of obligate intracellular bacteria comprising important human and animal pathogens, yet their occurrence in the environment, phylogenetic diversity host range has been largely underestimated. We investigated seasonality environmental chlamydiae Tyrrhenian coastal lake. By catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence situ hybridization, we quantified small planktonic cells detected peak abundance early autumn with up to 5.9 × 10(4) ml(-1) . Super-resolution microscopy improved visualization quantification these enabled detection pleomorphic chlamydial protist directly an sample. To isolate together host, applied high-throughput limited dilution approach successfully recovered Vexillifera sp., strain harbouring (93% 16S rRNA sequence identity Simkania negevensis), tentatively named 'Candidatus Neptunochlamydia vexilliferae'. Transmission electron combination hybridization was used prove location representing first marine stably maintained alongside laboratory culture. Taken together, this study contributes better understanding distribution previously neglected environments.