History, Distribution, and Conservation, of Large Mammals and Their Habitats in Jordan

摘要: Jordan lies at a meeting-point of three zoogeographical areas: the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental—circumstances which were conducive to habitat diversity in hence often abundant occurrence different floral faunal elements.The present paper gives information about history past large mammalian species their populations Jordan, while also focusing on status species, reasons for extinctions preventive measures that are being taken conserve remaining. In addition, this study future prospective outlook conservation, reintroduction programme is implemented Jordan.The first part sheds light existence mammals Jordan. The historical sequence events starting from Upper Palaeolithic continuing right up present, succession civilizations, had negative impact populations. This section tabulated data 26 supported by evidence such as bone remains, rock drawings, engravings, mosaics, frescos, found various archaeological sites second deals with populations, distribution reflected through maps indicating recent sightings some outstanding cases. Among those reintroduced Arabian Oryx Syrian Wild Ass, highly threatened Nubian Ibex. investigates extinction, mainly link destruction habitats direct deterioration Habitat was chiefly due rapid decline natural pasture areas, overgrazing, urban expansions, unorganized construction plans, human impact, mismanagement highlands, fire, hunting. All these factors led deforestation soil erosion, resulting patchy, fragile ecocomplex. decrease rainfall assisted severe forests.The includes plans restore ecosystems and, them, much overall For other it stresses urgent need establish more reserves, both grazing natural. concluding encourages improvement national parks, urges authorities look seriously disastrous effects mismanagement. importance collaboration between international agencies emphasized, well speed work National Conservation Strategy