Heavy Smoking is Associated with Low Depression and Stress: a Smokers' Paradox in Cardiovascular Disease?

摘要: Introduction Smoking, anxiety and depression constitute predisposing factors of coronary artery disease. Aim The aim this study was to investigate the degree nicotine dependence in patients its relationship depression. Methods population consisted 208 patients, 131 men 77 women, who were hospitalized a hospital Attica all smokers. measured by Fagerstrom scale, while intensity assessed with Zung SDS SAS scales respectively. Results 158 participants (75.9%) moderately highly dependent on nicotine, 108 (51.9%) reported moderate severe levels 91 (43.8%) levels. negatively related experienced patients. Additionally, dependence, associated various sociodemographic clinical such as educational level, social support, information their condition treatment. Conclusion Overall, findings point an inverse anxiety. However, paradoxical association could be product shared risk or confounding. Nonetheless, development individualized supportive interventions quit smoking should primarily focus assessment stress.