Chapter 18 Immunosensors for clinical and environmental applications based on electropolymerized films: analysis of cholera toxin and hepatitis C virus antibodies in water and serum

摘要: Publisher Summary Because of the vast achievements in immunosensor development, only few highlights novel immobilization techniques and investigative detection principles based on electrogenerated polypyrrole films are presented this chapter with cholera toxin hepatitis C Virus (HCV) as exemplary target analyte. Immobilization include affinity biotin–avidin interactions, photoaffinity immobilization, photochemical immobilization. Besides groundbreaking methods antibodies, innovative strategies developed for high-performance immunosensors illustrated antibodies or HCV target. Enzymes that catalyze light-emitting processes formation redox active components labeled recognized labeling signal receipt, an example is highlighted where immobilized antibody (anti-CT) directly detected. The examples recent development show tremendous progress field. Detection limits lower continuously, miniaturized setups by keeping possibility automated production progressed, procedures constantly simplified. Direct receptor reactions enables ready to use steps. With photovoltaic components, time consuming expensive analyte can be avoided.