Remarkable genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in two localities of southern Ecuador identified via deep sequencing of mini-exon gene amplicons.

摘要: Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, and T. rangeli are kinetoplastid parasites endemic to Latin America. Although closely related cruzi capable infecting humans, is non-pathogenic. Both parasite species transmitted by triatomine bugs, presence constitutes a confounding factor in study disease prevalence transmission dynamics. possesses high molecular heterogeneity: seven discrete typing units (DTUs) currently recognized. In Ecuador, TcI KP1(-) predominate, while other genetic lineages seldom reported. Infection and/or different developmental stages bugs from two communities southern Ecuador was evaluated via polymerase chain reaction product size polymorphism kinetoplast minicircle sequences non-transcribed spacer region mini-exon gene (n = 48). Forty-three amplicons were also deep sequenced analyze single-nucleotide polymorphisms within single mixed infections. Mini-exon products ten monoclonal reference strains included as controls. richness diversity not significantly greater adult vectors than nymphal III V. contrast, instar V individuals showed higher when compared with stages. Among infected triatomines, sequencing revealed one infection (3%), 8 infections (23.5%) 25 + co-infections (73.5%), suggesting that has been largely underestimated region. Furthermore, detected TcIV nine samples; this DTU had previously reported Loja Province. Our data indicate allows for better identification/typing amplicon analysis alone containing both rangeli, or multiple DTUs present. Additionally, our extensive overlap among populations present studied localities (c.28 km apart), active dispersal over area. results highlight value methodologies clarify population dynamics regions inform control campaigns Ecuador.