Observations on the Behavioral Development of a Hand-Reared Male Timber Wolf

摘要: Observations on the behavioral development of a male timber wolf, hand-reared from age four weeks, have been continued for period three years. Data include following: (1) Adjustment to human companionship has successful even after sexual maturity. (2) Behavior towards strange persons and objects is cautious. (3) The animal remains more independent aloof than similarly reared dogs. (4) Interaction with dogs, including males young puppies, marked by gregariousness lack aggression. (5) Small domestic species attacked occasionally, response depending largely upon behavior these animals. (6) Large are avoided, chased, or ignored. (7) Numerous motor patterns, postures, communicative signals closely similar siblings other wolves contrast dog companions. (8) Sharp changes occurred at eight 12 former initiating aggressive tendencies, latter extreme avoidance in presence new objects. Restlessness, then calming, followed later months, slight seasonal fluctuations noted. (9) Rudiments many adult patterns an early age, e.g. , small prey-pounces pelvic thrusts seen weeks. (10) Vocalizations wide repertoire howls, squeaks, growls, barks.