Neuroanatomical correlates of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder accounting for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.

摘要: Aim:  An increasing number of neuroimaging studies have been conducted to uncover the pathophysiology attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The findings are inconsistent, however, at least partially due methodological differences. In present study voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used evaluate brain morphology in ADHD subjects after taking into account confounding effect oppositional defiant (ODD) and conduct (CD) comorbidity. Methods:  Eighteen children with 17 age- gender-matched typically developing underwent high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. regional gray matter volume differences between controls were examined without accounting for comorbid ODD CD a voxel-by-voxel manner throughout entire brain. Results:  VBM indicated significantly smaller regions including bilateral temporal polar occipital cortices left amygdala compared controls. Significantly volumes demonstrated more extensive cortices, amygdala, right cortex, superior sulcus, middle frontal gyrus controlling CD.  Conclusion:  Morphological abnormalities seen not only associated executive functioning but also social cognition. When taken account, there