A Dose of Realism: The Contestation and Politics of Cyber Norms

摘要: Norms for cyberspace remain highly contested internationally among governments and fragmented domestically within governments. Despite diplomatic activities at the United Nations over past two decades, intersubjective agreement on norms governing coercive cyber power is still nascent. Agreed upon, explicitly stated are considered voluntary, defined vaguely, internalized weakly. Implicit state practice slowly emerging, yet poorly understood, cloaked in secrecy. This raises question: how do emerge cyberspace? What has been contribution of UN process to international community’s understanding Why did collapse 2017, very same year that biggest attacks date—WannaCry NotPetya—caused indiscriminate economic harm worldwide each with an estimated cost several billion U.S. dollars? And why member states, unprecedented move UN’s history, create separate processes dedicated issue 2018? To answer these questions, this article analyses various factors feeding into dynamic norm contestation including in-depth discussion Nations, role law, main points critiques.