Respiratory and other hazards of isocyanates

摘要: Isocyanates are increasingly being used for manufacturing polyurethane foam, elastomers, adhesives, paints, coatings, insecticides, and many other products. At present, they regarded as one of the main causes occupational asthma. The large number workers who exposed to these chemicals have a concentration-dependent risk developing chronic airway disorders, especially bronchial Different pathophysiologic mechanisms involved. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated sensitization irritative effects been clearly demonstrated in both subjects animals. Presumably, neural inflammation due neuropeptide release capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves is crucial. We collected data on 1780 isocyanate had examined by our groups. Of them 1095 (including from outpatient departments) work-related symptoms, predominantly respiratory tract. Specific IgE antibodies were found 14% subjects. methacholine challenge test was shown be an inadequate predictor results inhalative provocation tests asthmatic controls. Isocyanate (toluene diisocyanate TDI) air concentrations 10 ppb (0.07 mg/m3) 20 (0.14 mg/m3), respectively, did not cause significant obstruction majority previously unexposed asthmatics with hyperreactivity. IgG-mediated allergic alveolitis, rare disease among workers, approximately 1 % symptomatic Experimental studies exhibit dose-dependent toxic give evidence tachykinin-mediated hyperreactivity after exposure isocyanates. clinical role genotoxic isocyanates their by-products here vitro vivo has yet clarified.