Tests and investigations for colorectal cancer screening.

摘要: Worldwide, colorectal (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer, after lung and breast fourth cause cancer death, although in developed countries CRC incidence higher it accounts for an even proportion deaths. Successful treatment early-stage confers substantial survival advantage, there now overwhelming evidence that screening average-risk individuals reduces disease-specific mortality. In spite considerable research new biomarkers CRC, detection blood faeces remains effective tool. The best to date population-based comes from randomised-controlled trials used a guaiac-based faecal occult test (gFOBt) as first-line modality, whereby test-positive are referred follow-up investigations, usually colonoscopy. A major innovation last ten years or so has been development other more analytically sensitive specific techniques faeces. immunochemical haemoglobin (FIT) benefits over gFOBt terms analytical sensitivity, specificity practicality FIT recommended by European guidelines quality assurance diagnosis. challenge internationally develop high programmes which uptake high. This especially important developing witnessing increase populations adopt westernised lifestyles. review describes tests available how they being worldwide. reader will gain understanding developments issues arise choosing appropriate (or tests) organised optimising performance chosen tests). Whilst wide range literature cited, this not systematic review. authors provide FOBT population 14.6 million south England senior author (SPH) was lead diagnosis leads World Endoscopy Organization Colorectal Cancer Committee's Expert Working Group on 'FIT Screening'.