Correction of the deviated septum: from ancient Egypt to the endoscopic era

摘要: Background Obstructed nasal breathing can occur due to deviation of the septum. When external nose appears grossly normal and cosmesis is not focus, septoplasty has been procedure used straighten septum with goal improving airflow. Septoplasty evolved over time. Methods A historical literature review was conducted look for primary source journal articles medical conferences proccedings addressing evolution procedure. Results Early techniques involved forcible fractures splinting. Submucous resection first major advancement in surgical technique. Once complications resulting from this technique were observed, it subsequently revised attempts better address caudal septal deviation. Attention then turned incorporating role surrounding support structures, such as upper lateral cartilages. The premaxilla-maxilla approach attempted overall structure best improve breathing. advent endoscopic most recent shift improved visualization allowing targeted reoperation on complicated cases including pituitary skull base surgery. Conclusion This paper discusses time initial undertakings ancient Egyptians modern-day septoplasty. While principles behind have remained much same, experience allowed refinement No doubt new instrumentations innovations will further help tailor practice anatomy functional needs each individual patient.