Heart Failure in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.

摘要: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from diverse primary and secondary causes shared pathways of disease progression, correlating with substantial mortality, morbidity, cost. HF in children most commonly attributable to coexistent congenital heart disease, different risks depending on the specific type malformation. Current management therapy for are extrapolated treatment approaches adults. This review discusses causes, epidemiology, manifestations presents clinical, genetic, molecular characteristics that similar or distinct adult HF. The objective this provide framework understanding rapidly increasing genetic information challenging context detailed phenotyping. We translational research studies including at genome, transcriptome, epigenetic levels. Unresolved issues directions future study presented.