Air pollution and the energy ladder in asian cities

作者: Kirk R. Smith , Michael G. Apte , Ma Yuqing , Wathana Wongsekiarttirat , Ashwini Kulkarni

DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(94)90054-X

关键词:

摘要: Household fuel switching from lower to higher quality fuels, i.e. movement up the “energy ladder,” generally leads substantially emissions of health-damaging pollutants. The extent which human exposures are reduced is difficult predict, however, because interactions due penetration outdoor pollutants into homes and vice versa. In order help answer question how much might be by energy ladder, a three-city household air pollution study covering particulates (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) was conducted in near households spanning most important current steps each city's ladder. Steps examined were biomass-kerosene-gas Pune, India; coal-gas Beijing, China; charcoal-gas Bangkok, Thailand. instances, 24-hour sampling some personal monitoring undertaken during cooking periods. Preliminary calculations exposure health implications presented.

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