Irrigation of the apical root canal

摘要: Effective apical irrigation is one of the most important root canal procedures that has stood as a long-standing challenge for clinician. Despite myriad technological advances seen in last few decades such nickel–titanium rotary files various designs and new delivery systems, very seem to reliably impact upon clinician's ability deliver replenish irrigant part canal. Replenishing third complicated by multitude factors affect efficacy this procedure. The current research provides detailed insight on how principles fluid mechanics work explain physical impediments thorough irrigation, biological impediments, form biofilm, prevent disinfection despite adequate irrigation. recent introduction agitation modalities, coupled with understanding old problem through novel techniques, vision future will establish standard field.