Secondary metabolite profiling, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro inhibitory activities of Nardostachys jatamansi on key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia, hypertension and cognitive disorders

摘要: Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., ‘Spikenard’ or ‘Jatamansi’, a highly valued, aromatic herb from alpine Himalayas has long history of use as ethnomedicine and dietary supplements in Ayurveda, Unani Chinese system medicine since Vedic ages (1000–800 BC). In Ayurveda traditional medicine, the species is used stimulant, sedative, brain tonic mind rejuvenator, antidiabetic, cardio tonic, treatment various neurological disorders such insomnia, epilepsy, hysteria, anxiety depression. It considered Sattvic now commercially marketed either single poly-herbal formulations by many companies national international markets. Aim study The become threatened its natural habitats due to over exploitation illegal trade rhizomes for drug preparation herbal pharmaceutical industries. Considering increasing demand tremendous medicinal importance this plant species, detailed was undertaken evaluate antioxidant potential, secondary metabolite profiling, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential vitro enzyme inhibitory activities on key enzymes linked hyperglycemia, hypertension cognitive different parts wild vitro-raised plants with respect solvent systems sustainable utilization. Materials methods Anti-cholinesterase activity leaves rhizome cultured extracts investigated against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. anti-hyperglycemic (α-amylase PTP1B), anti-hypertensive (angiotensin-converting enzyme), anti-tyrosinase (5-lipoxygenase hyaluronidase) were also evaluated. cytotoxic effect rootstock vitro-derived cancer (HCT-116, MCF-7 OE33) two normal (HEK MEF) cell lines. Secondary profiling segments carried out quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results plantlets showed comparative higher yield metabolites significantly high compared plants. Methanolic N. exhibited significant AChE (IC50 36.46 ± 2.1 31.18 ± 2.6 µg/ml, respectively) BuChE 64.6 ± 3.5 60.12 ± 3.6 µg/ml, standard inhibitor galanthamine 0.94 ± 0.03 4.45 ± 0.5 µg/ml). extract α-amylase 90.69 ± 2.1 µg/ml), PTP1B 24.56 ± 0.8 µg/ml), angiotensin-converting 42.5 ± 3.6 µg/ml) tyrosinase 168.12 ± 3.6 µg/ml) acarbose 52.36 ± 3.1 µg/ml), ursolic acid 5.24 ± 0.8 µg/ml), captopril 32.36 ± 2.5 µg/ml) kojic (IC50 = 54.44 ± 2.3 µg/ml). Both methanolic leaf tissue culture-derived promising anti-5-LOX anti-hyaluronidase known 5-LOX hyaluronidase. Furthermore, effects HCT-116, OE33 lines HEK MEF after 12 h treatment. GC–MS analysis revealed presence classes terpenoids phenolic acids might be responsible effective biological activities. Conclusion substantial anti-cholinesterases, anti-inflammatory, bioactive which substantially explain centuries Ayurvedic formulations. present findings suggest that could alternative production