Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum: Rickettsiales pathogens of veterinary and public health significance

摘要: Anaplasma marginale and phagocytophilum are the most important tick-borne bacteria of veterinary public health significance in family Anaplasmataceae. The objective current review is to provide knowledge on ecology epidemiology A. compare major similarities differences phagocytophilum. Bovine anaplasmosis globally distributed disease livestock with great economic importance cattle industry. phagocytophilum, a cosmopolitan zoonotic tick transmitted pathogen wide mammalian hosts. infection domestic animals generally referred as fever. Concurrent infections exist ticks, wild same geographic area. All age groups susceptible, but prevalence increases age. Movement susceptible from free non-endemic regions endemic risk factor bovine Recreational activities or any other high-risk exposure habits well blood transfusion factors human granulocytic anaplasmosis. After infection, individuals remain life-long carriers. Clinical usually diagnosed upon examination stained smears. Generally, detection serum antibodies followed by molecular diagnosis recommended. There problems sensitivity cross-reactivity both species during serological tests. Tetracyclines drugs choice for treatment elimination humans. Universal vaccine not available either effective against geographically diverse strains. Major control measures fever include rearing tick-resistant breeds, stability, breeding Anaplasma-free herds, identification regional vectors, domestic/wild reservoirs control, habitat modification, biological chemotherapy, vaccinations (anaplasmosis and/or vaccination). Minimizing activities,