Modern urology perspectives on prostate cancer biomarkers.

摘要: Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of among men in Europe. Current recommendations for screening and diagnosis are based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements digital rectal examination (DRE). Both them triggers prostate biopsy. Limited specificity PSA test brings, however, a need to develop new, better diagnostic tools. Several commercially available variations including: health index (PHI), 4Kscore as well molecular PCA3 score, have already revealed its value, lowering number unnecessary biopsies. Material methods This review summarizes published results current promising, clinically proven experimentally evaluated PCa biomarkers which potential creation new tests. Results In last few years approaches providing significantly biomarkers, an alternative PSA, been introduced. Modern show improvement being used not only procedure, but also staging, evaluating aggressiveness managing therapeutic process. The promising group markers, microRNAs(miRNAs) long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) frequent. Their superiority, over standard predicting tumor formation early stages, non-symptomatic metastases has noticed. Extracellular vesicles presence biofluids brought focus many research groups, indicating their significance. nanoparticles therapy management process, target. Conclusions Finding replacing measurement, firmly needed modern urology practice.