Source-water odor during winter in the Yellow River area of China: Occurrence and diagnosis

摘要: Abstract Yellow River source water has long suffered from odor problems in winter. In this study, characteristics, potential odorants, and algae the of six cities (Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Hohhot, Zhengzhou, Jinan Dongying) along were determined winter (February to March 2014). According flavor profile analysis (FPA), moderate strong fishy odors occurred all cities, except for Lanzhou. At same time, mild earthy/musty septic/swampy also detected. The (FPA intensity, 8.5) Yinchuan was attributed abnormal growth Dinobryon (cell density, 5.7 × 10 4  cells/mL), while Jinan, Dongying might be caused by Melosira Cyclotella, Cryptomonas, , Synedra, respectively. Unsaturated aldehydes, which have been reported cause odors, not detected samples. However, some saturated including hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, with a total concentration range 690 ng/L 2166 ng/L, partly contributed odors. addition, 2-MIB (5.77–21.12 ng/L) geosmin (2.26–9.73 ng/L) responsible waters, dimethyl disulfide (648.2 ng/L) rancid/swampy 8.0) episode Yinchuan. This is comprehensive study reporting on occurrence possible reasons issues during