Time dependency of foamy virus evolutionary rate estimates

摘要: It appears that substitution rate estimates co-vary very strongly with their timescale of measurement; the shorter timescale, higher estimated value. Foamy viruses have a long history co-speciation hosts, and one lowest rates evolution among viruses. However, when is over short timescales, it more reminiscent rapid seen in other RNA This discrepancy between short-term long-term could be explained by time-dependency estimates. Several empirical models been proposed used to correct for time-dependent phenomenon (TDRP), such as vertically-translated exponential decay model power-law model. Nevertheless, at present, still unclear which best describes dynamics. Here, we use foamy case study empirically describe determine how its effects. Four were investigated: (i) model, (ii) simple (iii) (iv) Our results suggest TDRP likely responsible large observed virus estimates, inferring evolutionary timescales. Furthermore, demonstrated that, within Bayesian phylogenetic framework, currently available molecular clocks can severely bias date indicating they are inadequate correcting TDRP. analyses also different viral lineages may dynamics, this if unaccounted for. As dependent on measurement values must interpreted under context estimation. Extrapolating across timescales inferences outcomes. Given widespread nature but has noted only recently many need reconsidered re-estimated. guideline further improve current inference tools.