Modulation of nutrient utilization, growth, and immunity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus : the role of probiotics

摘要: The production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, over the last few years has increased due to adoption intensive farming technologies. However, continuous increase in O. niloticus must be based on sustainable practices. Probiotic use culture is considered a good alternative improving growth, feed utilization, immune status, and survival against pathogens which are common problems currently faced systems. Nutrient utilization fish one criteria that determines production, profitability, productivity aquaculture industry. research probiotics aquaculture, especially culture, much geared towards immunity disease resistance while areas equal importance such as nutrient translates into health growth well hepatic indexes detect tissue damage caused by toxicants less explored. present review elucidates effects (proteins, lipids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), tilapia. Furthermore, this tries point out gaps existing literature warrant further investigations development.