Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy outside the central nervous system.

摘要: Magnetic-susceptibility-based MRI has made important contributions to the characterization of tissue microstructure, chemical composition, and organ function. This motivated a number studies explore link between microstructure susceptibility in organs tissues throughout body, including kidney, heart, connective tissue. These have anisotropic magnetic properties cellular organizations that are distinct from lipid organization myelin brain. For instance, anisotropy is traced epithelial orientation myofilament proteins collagen fibrils knee cartilage. The these other quantified using specific tools: tensor imaging (STI), quantitative mapping (QSM), individual QSM measurements with respect tubular filament directions determined diffusion imaging. techniques provide complementary supplementary information produced by traditional methods. In STI can track tubules all layers cortex, outer medulla, inner medulla. detected myofibers myocardium. revealed three unique articular cartilage exploiting features collagen. While promising tools study susceptibility, certain technical challenges must be overcome order realize routine clinical use. paper reviews essential experimental findings underlying mechanisms, associated methodologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.