Understanding single-species and model ecosystem sensitivity: Data-based comparison

摘要: Risk assessments for compounds released to the environment typically rely on single-species toxicity studies predict concentrations at which effects may be observed. These are usually conducted with a few species, cultured under optimum conditions (diet, temperature, light, etc.) and tested in clean water constant exposure compound of interest. Chronic data then extrapolated ecosystem during risk that will not adversely impact environment. Several approaches have been developed apply statistical methods estimate toxicant affecting small percentage single species (e.g., 5%). There several rarely stated, infrequently tested, biological assumptions required make this extrapolation. One test ability use protect ecosystems is compare experimental natural microcosms, model ecosystems, field). Towards end, we summarized chronic variety substances (n = 11), including heavy metals, pesticides, surfactants, general organic inorganic compounds. Single-species were as genus-specific geometric means using NOEC or EC20 concentration. Genus mean values spanned range genera being affected above below those causing ecosystems. Geometric no effect corresponded expected exceed 10 52% genera. This analysis suggests laboratory-generated can used establish protective ecosystem, likely whole effects. Further, 5% level conservative relative but fairly good predictor lower 95% confidence interval NOEC.