Elk population dynamics in areas with and without predation by recolonizing wolves in Banff National Park, Alberta

摘要: Gray wolves (Canis lupus) recolonized the Bow Valley of Banff National Park in mid-1980s after a 30-year absence. Wolves one zone 1985 and another 1991, but human activity excluded from third throughout study. Elk (Cervus elaphus) are primary prey Park. We studied effects wolf predation, snow depth, elk density, human-caused mortality on population growth rate three different recolonization treatments to 2000. constructed set generalized linear models factors affecting growth, used Akaike Information Criteria guide model selection inference. In low predation zone, was density-dependent limited by mortality. that combined depth recolonization, addition preexisting mor...