Exploring urban mines: pipe length and material stocks in urban water and wastewater networks

摘要: Networks for water and wastewater transport represent large capital assets material stocks within cities. A better understanding of how their content changes with population size the city may help to design networks lower resource demand construction maintenance costs. We estimated total length mass 25 cities in five different countries using a fractal network model that only requires cities' as input data. found most is concentrated main trunk lines. The results showed efficiency scale: For catchment area constant size, both per capita would decline if grew. However, grew while density remained or decreased (urban sprawl), per-capita increase.