Carbon Nanotubes in Acrylic Bone Cement

摘要: The number of primary hip replacements continues to increase each year and, even with the reported decrease in proportion cemented implantations performed, poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is still required for majority procedures. At present, longer life expectancy and younger patient populations requiring total joint (TJRs), an revisions seems inevitable. Aseptic loosening continually cited as being most common indication revision. It well established that implants a factors contribute aseptic loosening, which fatigue damage mantle has been observed vivo. Fibre-reinforced materials high degree fibre–matrix interaction have shown fracture resistance many polymer matrices: example, CF-reinforced exhibits reduced crack propagation rates due mechanisms such bridging, telescopic failure fibre pull-out interface failure. Furthermore, it fibre-reinforcement PMMA leads increased viscosity polymerisation temperatures. Superior mechanical performance through inclusion MWCNT (carbon nanotubes) their aspect ratios enhanced properties (cf. carbon fibres). use CNT TJRs may also offer additional biological benefits biosensing, controlled drug release stimulation regrowth. CNTs, presence van der Waals forces, exhibit tendency aggregate into large bundles could be potentially detrimental service cement. Enhanced previously dispersion; however mixing techniques utilised were not clinically applicable, highlighting potential value developing transferable CNT-reinforced