Deep-water prawn Pandalus borealis displays a relatively high pH regulatory capacity in response to CO2-induced acidosis

摘要: Global warming is considered to be the most adverse consequence from increasing anthropogenic emissions of CO2. However, in marine environment additional problems related elevated levels atmospheric CO2 may arise; increased amount absorbed by oceans lead a moderate, but consistent and global reduction seawater pH due acidifying effect CO2, phenomenon referred as ocean acidification. Another potential problem occur result sub-seabed storage disposal alternative introduced gas industry mitigate atmosphere. Leakage such sites could potentially cause relatively local, extreme acidification near leakage site. Both scenarios create unfavourable conditions for organisms, previous studies have reported that environmental hypercapnia (elevated pCO2) affect an array physiological processes organisms acid-base status metabolic rate. Deep-living animals are particularly vulnerable their low rate poor ability counteract effects stressors.To predict possible outcome two described above it important understand mechanisms apply handle stress. During pCO2, charge neutral molecules permeate biological membranes react with water body fluids resulting net formation HCO3- H+. Thus, primary pCO2 induction fluid acidosis. Acid-base regulation during acidosis generally mediated buffering compounds well acid elimination through direct removal hydrogen ions (H+) and/or accumulation bicarbonate (HCO3-).In current thesis deep-sea bivalve Acesta excavata, green shore crab Carcinus maenas, deep-water prawn Pandalus borealis were exposed pCO2. The purpose was study responses different species compare capacity shallow- deep-living CO2-induced effects. To meet these objectives changes relevant parameters (pH, [HCO3-]) studied all three species, while gene expression activity ion regulating proteins metabolome determined C. maenas alone.Calcifying animals, bivalves, been suggested utilise calcium carbonate shell buffer this strategy restricted closed systems closure. Indeed, findings present indicate dissolution does not A. excavata response Consequently, seem able compensate extra- or intracellular severe hypercapnia, experiences drop likely induced pH. displays high nonbicarbonate capacity, therefore tolerate more moderate exposure than experienced study.In decapod crustaceans extracellular pH-regulation occurs posterior gills electroneutral exchange between surrounding seawater. partially accumulating degree compensation dependent on level exposure. results suggest can without substantially regulatory branchial transporting proteins. Surprisingly, exhibited similar abilities This achieved concentration maenas. display capacities shallow-living decapods, thus nuancing picture compensating animals. both affecting osmolality fluid. contrast what has subtidal crabs. significantly affected any possibly maintain close normal values.While received scientific attention, only very few investigated 1H-NMR metabolomics revealed induces shift fingerprint hemolymph extracts leg muscle. metabolites involved energy metabolism, expected. Rather, general decrease metabolites, osmolytes amino acids proline glycine. observed prominent after prolonged exposure, suggesting exhaustive rather active, compensatory mechanism. crabs experience symptoms resembling those acclimated condtions reduced salinity. suggests disturbance isoosmotic regulation.The indicates would highly, permanently associated leakage, intertidal decapods periods quite hypercapnic conditions.