Synthesis of Noise Effects on Wildlife Populations

摘要: This report contains a partial summary of literature review dealing with the effect noise on wildlife emphasizing effects birds. Beginning studies in Netherlands and, later, United States, series have indicated that road has negative bird populations (particularly during breeding) variety species. These can be significant ‘effect distances’ (i.e., those within which density birds is reduced) two to three thousand meters from road. In these reports, distances increase traffic being greatest near large, multilane highways high densities. A similar been reported for both grassland and woodland It important note 1) not all species shown this 2) some show opposite response, increasing numbers roads or utilizing rights-of-way. determine cause utilize additional alternative methods beyond population densities as sole measure distance, because latter susceptible variation due changes overall density. Recommendations further study are given, including measures disturbance