Challenges in diagnosing acute calcineurin-inhibitor induced nephrotoxicity: From toxicogenomics to emerging biomarkers

摘要: Use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) for immunosuppression after transplantation induces vasoconstriction renal afferent arterioles, leading to functional changes and potentially irreversible chronic ischemic structural damage. Because CNI-induced nephrotoxicity is strongly suspected in many allografts significantly contributes interstitial fibrosis tubular atrophy, better tests are needed diagnose its early stages. However, despite intensive research efforts, no reliable test currently available that can accurately specifically CNI nephrotoxicity. An diagnosis might prompt a switch agents with beneficial effect on function. This paper review recent progress toxicogenomic studies has led identification epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition endoplasmic reticulum stress as potential markers cell response injury. Detection and/or could help lead modification the immunosuppressive regimen by replacement CNIs drugs have more acceptable toxicity profile.