Life-history monographs of Japanese plants. 5: Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (Trilliaceae)

摘要: Life-history characteristics and demography of Trillium tschonoskii (Trilliaceae) were studied are described here. is the most wide-ranging species among Asiatic , ranging from southern Sakhalin, Japanese Islands (excepting Kyushu) to Korean Peninsula, Taiwan further inland China Himalayas. The ecological range T. broad, extending lowland forests montane subalpine mixed consisting conifers birch, Betula ermani . This a typical polycarpic perennial, similar all other species, flowers in early late April populations midJune July habitats. typically has three white petals sepals, its pollinators diverse, for example, flies, beetles bees such as Scatophagiae (Diptera), Oedemera lucidicollis (Coleoptera) Andrena sp. (Hymenoptera). Pollen/ovule ratios approximately 700, thus potentially an inbreeder. Seed outputs per plant variable, 29–190 (mean 85.0) 1980, 28–168 79.8) 1984. Seeds with large soft juicy elaiosome attract ants, which effective dispersal agents, but nocturnal predators, mainly ground beetles, also very active. Our long-term observations indicate that it takes 10 years reach sexually mature stage life expectancy plants assumed be exceedingly long, over 40 years.