Environmental implications of gene flow from sugar beet to wild beet--current status and future research needs.

摘要: Gene flow via seed or pollen is a basic biological process in plant evolution. The ecological and genetic consequences of gene depend on the amount direction as well fitness hybrids. assessment potential risks transgenic plants should take into account fact that conventional crops can often cross with wild plants. precautionary approach risk management genetically modified (GMPs) may make it necessary to monitor significant weed populations might be affected by transgene escape. hard control wind-pollinated like beet (Beta vulgaris). In addition, potentially undergo evolutionary changes which expand their geographical distribution. Unintended products cultivated beets pollinated are bolt flower during first year planting. Weed cause yield losses delay harvest. Wild important resources preservation diversity Europe has been considered biosafety research. We present here methodology research approaches used for monitoring distribution Beta populations. It recently shown century from vulgaris ssp. not altered L. maritima (L.) Arcang. Italian sugar production area. Future focus evolution comparison these baseline data. Two models presented describing how endpoints measured: (1) “Pre-post” crop commercialization against today’s (2) “Parallel” GMP free reference areas/ Model 2 advantage taking ongoing population dynamics account. 1 more applicable if so strong most areas/populations contain GMPs. Important traits change ecology genes confer tolerance biotic abiotic stress. An environmental effects realistically only based introgression, include economic values biodiversity littoral other ecosystems containing beet. general, there still great need harmonize worldwide systems development appropriate methods evaluate impact introgressed transgenes.