Efficacy of Acriflavine for controlling parasitic diseases in farmed Nile tilapia with emphasis on fish health, gene expression analysis, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations

摘要: Abstract Parasites often cause serious outbreaks of disease in farmed fish. The present study is the first to describe antiparasitic efficacy Acriflavine on Oreochromis niloticus parasitized with Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae and Trichodina centrostrigeata protozoa. A total 550 O. suffering from respiratory distress were collected a fish farm. Clinical parasitological examinations 150 revealed mixed infestation centrostrigeata. median lethal dose (LC50) (5, 10, 25, 50, & 100 mg/L) was calculated against 160 healthy niloticus. Results that 12 h 96 h LC50 114.61 35.196 mg/L. Further, an experimental design consisting three groups used assess (10 mg/L, long-term bath) formosanus- centrostrigeata-infested fish; group treated (treated fish), second not (nontreated fish) third (negative control). effective centrostrigeata, reducing mean intensity parasites by 91.1% 95.6%, respectively, compared infested (nontreated). Moreover, exhibited restoration normal gill histoarchitecture central cartilaginous support after treatment. Treated also showed significant downregulation inflammatory-related enzyme (Cox-2) pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1s) genes fish, as well reduction lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. provides safe efficient treatment for controlling protozoans, improving health, productivity welfare