Interacting supernovae from photoionization-confined shells around red supergiant stars

摘要: A model in which the stellar wind of fast-moving red supergiant Betelgeuse is photoionized by radiation from external sources can explain dense, almost static shell recently discovered around star, and predicts both that debris Betelgeuse’s eventual supernova explosion will violently collide with other supergiants should have similar, but much more massive, shells. The discovery 2012 a static, dense gaseous nearby raised doubts about assumption it was star powerful drives bow shock into its surroundings. These two physically distinct structures cannot be formed hydrodynamic interaction interstellar medium. Hilding Neilson colleagues describe Betelgeuse's sources, where pressure induced photoionization generates standing neutral part wind. This forms an almost-static photoionization-confined shell, confining gas close to interact ejecta future explosion. provides natural explanation for many supernovae signatures circumstellar interaction. Betelgeuse, supergiant, surroundings1,2,3,4. picture has been challenged shell5 three times closer than decelerated some force. Here we report without requiring new understanding shock. Pressure wind6 shell. Other massive shells because traps up 35 per cent all mass lost during phase, this until explodes. After explosion, dramatically affect light curve, providing