Climate and Hydrology

摘要: State-of-the-art reviews on the dynamics of climate and hydrology inMediterranean mountain regions show that this is a subject receives little attention compared to studies in other, more popular ranges such as Alps, Rockies Himalayas (Messerli Ives, 1997; Bohm et al., 2001; Viviroli 2003; Corripio de Jong, 2005; Jong 2005a,b,c; Bales 2006). However, context significance contributing potential world’s mountains water towers forelands, Mediterranean are classified having high dry lowlands (Viviroli 2007). Climatological hydrological literature mountainous catchments Basin itself much sparser than other world with climate, California. The has unique geographical climatological characteristics, since its periphery almost entirely surrounded by at short distance from sea (Figure 5.1). Therefore dominant around Mediterranean, although essentially determined latitude, strongly influenced relief (Rhanem, 2008). Topographical gradients level up 2000–4000m altitude not uncommon.Mediterranean zones, whether consisting chains or individual peaks, act locally cold islands strong climatic (Ozenda, 1975). Typical for extremes is, example, High Atlas Morocco, which can experience temperatures −18◦C yet Sahara within less 200 km distance. climatology complex, basically unites three different zones: sub-Saharan continental east north. It forms boundary between mid-altitude tropical vegetated non-vegetated, highly poorly developed regions. together distribution altitudinal range (Table 5.1), influences availability ensuing