Protective and toxic effects of vitamin D on vascular calcification: Clinical implications

摘要: The presence of vascular calcification (VC) is a predictor poor survival in the general population. development VC an active process that requires pre-existing injury as inducer and promoting factors such hyperphosphatemia hypercalcemia, well deficiency repressor factors. Vascular smooth muscle cells possess endogenous enzyme system for biosynthesis vitamin D hormone calcitriol from its precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin also cytosolic receptor, indicating vasculature important target tissue D. toxic effects supra-physiological dosages on have been known several decades. Recent experimental data demonstrate physiological are protective health. This review article summarises molecular basis actions vasculature. Chronic kidney disease can be considered human model severe survival. associated with deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia. Evidence increasing phosphate overload plays key role chronic disease. first clinical studies indicate receptor activation improve these patients. Although less than disease, secondary hyperparathyroidism frequent population, especially elderly obese subjects. Future should focus impact outcome groups.