The impact of urbanization on seasonal hydrologic and nutrient budgets of a small North American watershed

摘要: Present day hydrologic and nutrient budgets have been measured presettlement estimated for a small urban watershed in Madison, Wisconsin. The importance of different seasons sources to the total loading were compared past present conditions. seasonal budget revealed that while spring contributes greatest loadings both scenarios, summer exhibits change from present. As this seepage lake receives most its water N groundwater; however, P comes surface runoff. impact on since settlement appears be large increase runoff matched by decrease evapotranspiration subsurface flow. This shift hydrology is largely responsible substantial : ratio loading. significance lake's modified morphometry areal volumetric also explored.