Mechanisms for multiple ionization of atoms by strong pulsed lasers.

摘要: It is shown that substantial ionization during the rise of pulse a strong laser inevitable. Thus only multiply charged ions are likely to be exposed fields above ${10}^{14}$W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The behavior $N$-photon generalized cross section for $N\ensuremath{\gg}1$ and its connection tunneling discussed.