Shipping lines as agents of change in the port industry

摘要: This paper is concerned with explaining how shipping lines are helping create a new world economic order. Global interdependence now reality and competition shaping the action of major carriers. The demonstrates liner companies adjusting. They being forced to develop operational strategies, adopt technologies exploit markets in order survive global economy they have helped create. And finally, this goes on analyze nature changes wrought by carriers provides an assessment challenges opportunities for smaller ports.