Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents: Prevalence, Impact and Recent Knowledge.

摘要: Background and objectives Dysmenorrhea is commonly categorized into two types; primary secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) the focus of this review. PD defined as painful menses with cramping sensation in lower abdomen that often accompanied by other symptoms, such sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremulousness. All these symptoms occur just before or during women normal pelvic anatomy. In adolescents prevalence varies between 16% 93%, severe pain perceived 2% to 29% studied girls. Several studies suggest menstrual associated absenteeism from school work limitation daily activities. One-third one-half females are missing at least once per cycle, more frequently 5% 14% them. The wide variation rates may be attributed use selected groups subjects. Many risk factors increased severity including earlier age menarche, long periods, heavy flow, smoking positive family history. Young using oral contraceptive pills (OCP) report less dysmenorrhea. considerably high among verified condition a significant public health problem requires great attention. SUMMARY OF MAIN RESULTS: methodological problems encountered quantifying grading related Quantifying assessment tools depend on women's self-reporting potential bias. There scarcity longitudinal natural history well possible effects many modifiable factors. addition, duration follow-up available relatively short. Therefore, several aspects still open for research. Medical treatment includes anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), OCP surgical intervention. efficacy conventional treatments NSAIDs high. However, failure rate reach up 20% 25%, besides occurrence drug-associated adverse effects. Only 6% receive medical advice treat while 70% practice self-management. Unfortunately, some girls even abuse medications (non-therapeutic doses) quick relief. persistence despite and/or strong indicator an organic disease. This mandates appropriate referral gynecologist proper laparoscopic diagnosis endometriosis diseases. Conclusions important adolescents, occupational practitioners adversely affects activities quality life adolescent women. accurate difficult establish due variety diagnostic criteria subjective nature symptoms. moderate lifestyle does not respond professional attention underlying care providers should knowledgeable actively involved