Ferroelectric domains and domain boundaries observed by scanning force microscopy

摘要: Abstract Splitting of ferroelectric crystals into domains is a bulk phenomenon. However, many investigation methods rely on observations intersections or domain boundaries with crystal surfaces. Among them scanning force microscopy promises to be one the most powerful. In this paper we discuss different modes operating microscope in order obtain contrast between antiparallel polarization. TGS has been chosen as model material both for its suitable cleavage properties and wealth previous knowledge about properties. We have found that - identified by their lenticular shape are discernible non-contact mode friction imaging. offer explanation origin contrast, taking account forces topographic those connected spontaneous Higher resolution studies made it even possible evaluate upper limit wall thickness ...