Risk factors for the development of second primary tumors among men after laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

摘要: BACKGROUND Second primary tumors (SPT) constitute a major threat to the survival of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. However, authors' knowledge little is known regarding risk factors for developing SPTs or about strategy be followed avoid them. METHODS Eight hundred seventy-six male laryngeal/hypopharyngeal carcinoma enrolled in population-based, case–control study 5 centers from South Europe during 1979–1982 were up ascertain occurrence SPTs. Standardized incidence ratios calculated estimate SPT occurring cohort. Cox proportional hazard models fitted ratio development relation use tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits before first tumor. RESULTS One forty-five developed an annual average rate 2.1%. An excess tongue, mouth, esophagus, lung was observed. No elevated risks observed other organs. Alcohol consumption strongly increased upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). Heavy cumulative cigarette smoking SPT. A protective effect high intake citrus fruit noticed lung, whereas butter associated UADT. CONCLUSIONS Continuous medical surveillance essential UADT reduce after initial laryngeal/hypopahryngeal tumor factor UADT. The suggested role fruits Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Society.