Cardiorenal syndrome at different stages of chronic kidney disease.

摘要: The central concept of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is that heart and kidney should be regarded not solely as individual organs but rather a dipole with multiple interconnections. interplay between seems complex multi factorial: cardiac output, regulation extracellular volume, blood pressure renal sodium handling are major parameters determine crosstalk 2 organs. These basic controlled through mediators (renin-angiotensin system, endothelin) relevant antagonists (natriuretic peptides). Recently, it has been shown nitric oxide / reactive oxygen species balance, sympathetic nervous system activation presence systemic inflammation aggravate atherosclerosis, promote structural alterations in left ventricular geometry favor progression disease. Although prevalence CRS high, clinical trials for failure have only partially addressed this issue. present review tries to dissect role various components way could potentially facilitate implementation specific therapeutic strategies. factors participate pathogenesis studied detail an effort better understand address effectively its components, since holistic approach (ideally) alter syndrome's course hence ameliorate prognosis CRS.