Patterns of Phenotypic Divergence in Wing Covariance Structure of Calopterygid Damselflies

摘要: Comparing species differences in covariance patterns of traits subject to divergent selection pressures can increase our understanding the mechanisms phenotypic divergence. Different calopterygid damselflies have diverged melanized wing patch males. This trait serves multiple ecological functions and has behavioral consequences terms sexual selection, interspecific interactions, reproductive isolation. We compared variance-covariance matrices (P) among nine populations four European damselflies. found modest divergence structure same species, but strong between species. Interestingly, orientation first eigenvector P (P (max) ) differed more closely related than distantly although this pattern was absent when overall structures were compared. also that geographically closer had converged towards a similar structure. Finally, correlated with length, not other traits. last finding suggests on length might affected stability P. These results indicate only reflect ancestral developmental pathways be influenced by current ecology.