Spatial distribution of wind turbines is crucial for the survival of red kite populations

摘要: Abstract Energy production with wind turbines is increasing, because this form of energy CO 2 neutral and renewable, power subsidised in many countries. However, are not without impact on biodiversity, rather, they can affect bird bat populations through collision-induced mortality. It relatively well studied how turbine architecture or the surrounding habitat collision risk birds bats. much less understood losses due to collisions populations. Moreover, it currently unknown spatial configuration landscape affects I addressed these two questions using an individual-based simulation model inspired by Swiss red kite Milvus milvus population. This species a frequent victim at one Europe’s sole endemic species. predicted fate relation number turbines. found that population growth rates declined progressively increasing These negative effects be weakened if aggregated plants. Quantitatively results strongly depended parametric relationship between distance nest location. Unfortunately, empirical knowledge about scarce. As effect depends their total within area inhabited raptor population, emphasise importance making environmental assessments case-by-case basis but rather for entire region all its plants, which collectively exert must include extant as planned same order biologically meaningful.